Systematic Investigation of Possibilities for New Physics Effects in b --> s Penguin Processes

Although recent experimental results in b-->s penguin process seem to be roughly consistent with the standard model predictions, there may be still large possibilities of new physics hiding in this processes. Therefore, here we investigate systematically the potential new physics effects that may appear in time-dependent CP asymmetries of B --> phi K^0, B--> eta^\prime K^0 and B--> K^0 \pi^0 decay modes, by classifying the cases for the values of the mixing-induced indirect CP asymmetries, S_{phi K^0}, S_{eta^\prime K^0}, S_{K^0 pi^0} which are compared to S_{J/psi K^0}. We also show that several B_s decay modes may help to resolve the ambiguities in such an analysis. Through combining analysis with the time-dependent CP asymmetries of B_s decay modes such as B_s --> phi eta^\prime, B_s--> eta^\prime pi^0 and B_s --> K^0 bar{K}^0, we can determine where the new CP phases precisely come from.Comment: 17 pages, version to be published in Prog.Theor.Phy

Rentoutumisen vaikutuksia uneen ja koettuun elämänlaatuun masentuneella henkilöllä.

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on kerätä tietoa rentoutumisesta, unesta ja masennuksesta sekä selvittää rentoutumisen vaikutuksia uneen ja koettuun elämänlaatuun masentuneella henkilöllä. Opinnäytetyön tarkoitus meille tekijöille on syventää tietämystä rentoutumisen vaikutuksista masentuneella henkilöllä, hankkia kokemusta tulevaa työelämää varten sekä verkostoitua tekijöitä kiinnostavalle fysioterapian osa-alueelle. Opinnäytetyön tarkoitus toimeksiantajalle ja fysioterapia-alalle on tuottaa tietoa, jota voidaan hyödyntää masentuneen henkilön fysioterapiassa. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantaja on Lapin sairaanhoitopiirin psykiatrian klinikka. Opinnäytetyössä vastataan kysymyksiin, millaisia vaikutuksia hengitysrentoutusharjoituksella on masentuneen henkilön uneen sekä millaisia vaikutuksia rentoutumisella on masentuneen henkilön koettuun elämänlaatuun. Tutkimus toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena viiden viikon rentoutuskurssina keväällä 2015. Tutkimuksessa haettiin vastauksia tutkimusongelmiin määrällisin menetelmin. Mittareina aineiston kokoamisessa toimivat Firstbeat-mittari sekä Sintosen 15D-elämänlaatukysely. Firstbeat-mittarilla mitattiin stressireaktioiden osuutta sekä palautumista unen aikana ja Sintosen 15D-elämänlaatukyselyllä koettua elämänlaatua. Firstbeat-mittaus suoritettiin hengitysrentoutusharjoitusta edeltävänä ja jälkeisenä yönä rentoutuskurssin toisella ja viimeisellä viikolla. Elämänlaatukysely toteutettiin rentoutuskurssin ensimmäisellä ja viimeisellä kerralla. Tutkimus on tapaustutkimus ja tutkimuksen kohteena on yksi masentunut henkilö. Tutkimusaineisto analysoitiin Firstbeat-mittarin tulosten osalta Microsoft Word-taulukoiden avulla. Sintosen 15D-elämänlaatukyselyn tulokset on analysoitu Sintosen kehittelemän valmiin Excel-pohjan, arvotusalgoritmin, avulla. Mittaustulosten perusteella rentoutumisella on positiivisia vaikutuksia stressireaktioiden osuuteen sekä palautumiseen unen aikana ja koettuun elämänlaatuun masentuneella henkilöllä. Tutkimushenkilön stressireaktioiden ja palautumisen osuus sekä palautumisen laatu paranivat hengitysrentoutusharjoituksen jälkeisenä yönä verrattuna edeltävään yöhön. Elämänlaatukyselyn mukaan tutkimushenkilön näkö, kuulo, nukkuminen, puhuminen, henkinen toiminta, vaivat ja oireet, ahdistuneisuus ja sukupuolielämä paranivat tai helpottivat rentoutuskurssin aikana. Tutkimuksessa saatuja tuloksia ei voi yleistää kaikilla masentuneilla, mutta tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää suunniteltaessa masentuneiden fysioterapiaa. Tutkimuksen tulokset houkuttelevat myös suorittamaan erilaisia jatkotutkimuksia.The aim of this thesis is to gather information on relaxation, sleep and depression and to assess how relaxation may affect sleep and quality of life of a person affected by depression. The purpose of this study is to enhance the researchers’ knowledge on the effects of relaxation of a person affected by depression and achieve experience for the future, also creating relations in physiotherapy sector. The purpose of this study, commissioned by The Lapland Hospital District and the Psychiatric clinic, is to produce knowledge useful for planning physiotherapy meant to a person affected by depression. This thesis responds to the research questions: “What are the effects of breathing relaxation for sleep?” and “What are the effects for quality of life of person with depression?" This is a case-study was developed during a five-week relaxation course in the spring of 2015. In this case-study quantitative research methods were used. The indicators are Firstbeat-meter and Sintonen 15D-quality of life-questionnaire. Stress reactions and recovery during sleep were measured by using Firstbeat-meter, and quality of life is measured by using Sintonen 15D-quality of life-Sintonen’s questionnaire. Firstbeat-measurement was administrated during sleep, before and after the breathing relaxation during the second and the last week of the relaxation course. Sintonen’s 15D-quality of life questionnaire was administrated during the first and the last session of the relaxation course. This case-study analyses one person affected by depression. The data was analyzed by using the Microsoft Word-sheet program and the Excel-sheet algorithm made by Sintonen. Based on the results, relaxation has positive effects on stress reactions and recovery during sleep, as well as on the quality of life of a person affected by depression. In comparison to the previous night, stress reactions, part of the recovery, and the quality of the recovery of the person improved after breathing relaxation. Sintonen 15D-life questionnaire shows that vision, hearing, sleeping, speaking, mental functions, discomfort and symptoms anxiety and sexual life improved during the relaxation course. The results of this study cannot be generalized; nevertheless, they can be useful for planning physiotherapy for people affected by depression. The results of the study may also suggest to perform further research on this specific topic

Parylene Accelerometer Utilizing Spiral Beams

This paper reports a Parylene accelerometer utilizing spiral beams. Since Parylene has intrinsic tensile stress, the resonant frequency ω_n of sensor structure is higher than that under no tensile stress. Considering the sensitivity of accelerometer is 1/ω_n^2 , the investigation of ω_n of a suspended structure supported by straight beams is carried out both theoretically and experimentally. As a result, it is proved that comparatively long beams are necessary for realizing the high sensitivity of a Parylene sensor with tensile stress. A spiral beam is effective for not only realizing a long beam in a limited space, but also realizing stress relaxation. Both Parylene accelerometer with straight beams and that with spiral beams are fabricated. Sensitivity of them is characterized, and the effectiveness of utilizing spiral beam is confirmed

Cosmological SPH simulations with four million particles: statistical properties of X-ray clusters in a low-density universe

We present results from a series of cosmological SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) simulations coupled with the P3M (Particle-Particle-Particle-Mesh) solver for the gravitational force. The simulations are designed to predict the statistical properties of X-ray clusters of galaxies as well as to study the formation of galaxies. We have seven simulation runs with different assumptions on the thermal state of the intracluster gas. Following the recent work by Pearce et al., we modify our SPH algorithm so as to phenomenologically incorporate the galaxy formation by decoupling the cooled gas particles from the hot gas particles. All the simulations employ 128^3 particles both for dark matter and for gas components, and thus constitute the largest systematic catalogues of simulated clusters in the SPH method performed so far. These enable us to compare the analytical predictions on statistical properties of X-ray clusters against our direct simulation results in an unbiased manner. We find that the luminosities of the simulated clusters are quite sensitive to the thermal history and also to the numerical resolution of the simulations, and thus are not reliable. On the other hand, the mass-temperature relation for the simulated clusters is fairly insensitive to the assumptions of the thermal state of the intracluster gas, robust against the numerical resolution, and in fact agrees well with the analytic prediction. Therefore the prediction for the X-ray temperature function of clusters on the basis of the Press-Schechter mass function and the virial equilibrium is fairly reliable.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 18 pages with 7 embedded figure

Two-Temperature Intracluster Medium in Merging Clusters of Galaxies

We investigate the evolution of intracluster medium during a cluster merger, explicitly considering the relaxation process between the ions and electrons by N-body and hydrodynamical simulations. When two subclusters collide each other, a bow shock is formed between the centers of two substructures and propagate in both directions along the collision axis. The shock primarily heats the ions because the kinetic energy of an ion entering the shock is larger than that of an electron by the ratio of masses. In the post-shock region the energy is transported from the ions to electrons via Coulomb coupling. However, since the energy exchange timescale depends both on the gas density and temperature, distribution of electron temperature becomes more complex than that of the plasma mean temperature, especially in the expanding phase. After the collision of two subclusters, gas outflow occurs not only along the collision axis but also in its perpendicular direction. The gas which is originally located in the central part of the subclusters moves both in the parallel and perpendicular directions. Since the equilibrium timescale of the gas along these directions is relatively short, temperature difference between ions and electrons is larger in the directions tilted by the angles of $\pm 45^\circ$ with respect to the collision axis. The electron temperature could be significantly lower that the plasma mean temperature by $\sim 50$ at most. The significance of our results in the interpretation of X-ray observations is briefly discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

Puzzles in BB physics

I discuss some puzzles observed in exclusive $B$ meson decays, concentrating on the large difference between the direct CP asymmetries in the $B^0\to \pi^\mp K^\pm$ and $B^\pm\to \pi^0 K^\pm$ modes, the large $B^0\to\pi^0\pi^0$ branching ratio, and the large deviation of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries in the $b\to sq\bar q$ penguins from those in the $b\to c\bar c s$ trees.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, talk presented at the 9th Workshop on High Energy Physics Phenomenology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, Jan. 3-14, 2006; reference adde

Cluster Morphologies as a Test of Different Cosmological Models

We investigate how cluster morphology is affected by the cosmological constant in low-density universes. Using high-resolution cosmological N-body/SPH simulations of flat (\Omega_0 = 0.3, \lambda_0 = 0.7, \Lambda CDM) and open (\Omega_0 = 0.3, \lambda_0 = 0, OCDM) cold dark matter universes, we calculate statistical indicators to quantify the irregularity of the cluster morphologies. We study axial ratios, center shifts, cluster clumpiness, and multipole moment power ratios as indicators for the simulated clusters at z=0 and 0.5. Some of these indicators are calculated for both the X-ray surface brightness and projected mass distributions. In \Lambda CDM all these indicators tend to be larger than those in OCDM at z=0. This result is consistent with the analytical prediction of Richstone, Loeb, & Turner, that is, clusters in \Lambda CDM are formed later than in OCDM, and have more substructure at z=0. We make a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on each indicator for these two models. We then find that the results for the multipole moment power ratios and the center shifts for the X-ray surface brightness are under the significance level (5%). We results also show that these two cosmological models can be distinguished more clearly at z=0 than z = 0.5 by these indicators.Comment: 30pages, 6figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

What can we learn from phi_1 and B_d^0 -> pi^+ pi^- ?

We discuss what we can understand from $\phi_1$ and $B^0_d\to \pi^+ \pi^-$ decay mode. Using a convention without weak phases $\phi_2$ and $\phi_3$, we can solve the parameters from the time-depended CP asymmetry. If we can put a condition the contribution from penguin except for the CKM factor including in the diagram is small, then we can lead the allowed region of $R_t$ or $\phi_2$ by using the convention.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, references and comments adde